Christopher Newfield is professor of literature and American Studies at the University of California at Santa Barbara. His main current areas of research are innovation theory and Critical University Studies, a new interdisciplinary field that he helped to found. Chris’ books include Mapping Multiculturalism (edited with Avery Gordon), The Emerson Effect: Individualism and Submission in America (Chicago, 1996), Ivy and Industry: Business and the Making of the American University, 1880-1980 (Duke, 2003), and Unmaking the Public University: The Forty Year Assault on the Middle Class (Harvard, 2008). His writing also covers American political psychology, race relations, science studies, the future of solar energy, and humanities-based approaches to economics. He teaches courses on Detective Fiction, California Noir, Innovation Studies, Critical Theory, the Future of Higher Education, and English Majoring After College, among others. He blogs on higher education funding and policy at Remaking the University, the Huffington Post, and the Chronicle of Higher Education, and is completing a film, What Happened to Solar Energy Innovation? and two books, Can Rich Countries Still Innovate?and Lowered Education: What to Do About Our Downsized Future.